Free The Maginot Line The History of the Fortifications that Failed to Protect France from Nazi Germany During World War II

[Free.IOBT] The Maginot Line The History of the Fortifications that Failed to Protect France from Nazi Germany During World War II

[Free.IOBT] The Maginot Line The History of the Fortifications that Failed to Protect France from Nazi Germany During World War II

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*Includes pictures*Explains the origins of the Maginot Line, its construction, and the World War II fighting around it*Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading*Includes a table of contentsWe could hardly dream of building a kind of Great Wall of France, which would in any case be far too costly. Instead we have foreseen powerful but flexible means of organizing defense, based on the dual principle of taking full advantage of the terrain and establishing a continuous line of fire everywhere. Andre MaginotAs the power of Nazi Germany grew alarmingly during the 1930s, the French sought means to defend their territory against the rising menace of the Thousand-Year Reich. As architects of the most punitive measures in the Treaty of Versailles following World War I, the French government made natural targets for Teutonic retribution, so the Maginot Line, a series of interconnected strongpoints and fortifications running along much of France's eastern border, helped allay French fears of invasion. The popular legend of the Maginot Line portrays the frontier defenses as a useless white elephant project that was prompted by a gross misapprehension of warfare's new realities in the mid-20th century and quickly overwhelmed by the forceful advance of the German blitzkrieg. English idiom today invokes this vision of the Maginot Line as a metaphor for any defensive measure strongly believed in but actually useless. Indeed, usages such as Maginot Line mentality, describing an overly defensive, reactive mindset, perpetuate the legend. As a French author and military liaison with the British, Andre Maurois, wrote about his disillusionment with the defensive line he originally enthusiastically supported: We know now that the Maginot line-complex was a dangerous disease of the mind; but I publish this as it was written in January, 1940. In reality, however, the actual Maginot Line proved considerably more functional than memory has served. The true flaw in French military strategy during the opening days of World War II lay not in reliance on the Maginot fortifications but in the army's neglect to exploit the military opportunities the Line created. In other words, the border defense performed as envisioned, but the other military arms supported it insufficiently to halt the Germans. The French Army squandered the opportunity not because the Maginot Line existed but because they failed to utilize their own defensive plan properly. Some French commentary contributed to the legend, but the bloviating of politicians altered nothing regarding the Maginot Line's actual purpose or history: General Maurin, defended the status quo in these words: [H]ow could one think that we are still thinking about an offensive when we have spent billions to establish a fortified barrier Would we be mad enough to advance beyond this barrier to undertake some adventure [...] but the Maginot Line had never been conceived as a sort of Great Wall of China sealing France off from the outside world. Its purpose was to free manpower for offensive operations elsewhere. (Jackson, 2004, 27).In fact, a forgotten battle in the southeast of France, where four French divisions (later reduced to three by the redeployment of one northwards in a futile effort to stem the German tide) held off 32 Italian divisions thanks to the defensive power of the so-called Little Maginot Line of the Alps, proved the soundness of both the concept and engineering. Though the Italians suffered from poor equipment and the meddling incompetence of Mussolini's personal leadership, the fighting on the Alpine front brilliantly highlighted the Maginot Line's success as a force multiplier. French soldiers held off brave but futile Italian attacks at odds of 8:1 or 10:1 in favor of the Italians for five days until an armistice with the Axis put an end to this undeniable display of the Maginot Line's effectiveness. 10 Infamous Barrier Walls Throughout History - Toptenznet As long as there have been countries there have been tensions with the neighbors Sometimes this leads to war other times to peaceful negotiation And sometimes the World War 2 Leaders A complete list of the national leaders of the countries which participated in the war In every country and government type there is always one person at the BBC - iWonder - World War Two: History's most savage and World War Two was the most destructive global conflict in history It began when Nazi Germany unleashed ferocious attacks across Europe AP World History - Free AP Notes Outlines Vocab and AP World History - Stearns Chapter 2 Classical Civilization: China Introduction longest-lived civilization in history Isolated Couldnt learn from other French war planning 19201940 - Wikipedia The Dyle Plan or Plan D was the plan of the Commander-in-Chief of the French Army Gnral d'arme Maurice Gamelin to defeat a German attempt to invade France Invasion of Poland World War II Database 3 Apr 1939 : Adolf Hitler on his own authority ordered the armed forces to prepare "Case White" for the invasion and occupation of the whole of Poland later in the From the Spanish Civil War to the Fall of France From the Spanish Civil War to the Fall of France: Luftwaffe Lessons Learned and Applied Peter H Oppenheimer Operation Magic Fire (28 July 1936 - 29 March 1939) 10 of Historys Worst Weapons HistoryNet Since the device was totally unguided anyone could predict disaster if just one rocket failed to fire or simply put out less power than the others Military history of France during World War II - Wikipedia The military history of France during World War II covers three periods From 1939 until 1940 which witnessed a war against Germany by the French Third Republic Chapter 5: American Military History Volume II beat the Allies into Tunisia Three days passed before the French agreed to cease fire and take up arms on the Allied side French support at last assured the Royal
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